The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced final awards totaling $445m in grant programs that strengthen the ability of ports, transit, and intercity bus systems to prevent, protect against, respond to and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters and other emergencies. The awards are part of the fiscal year (FY) 2007 Infrastructure Protection Program (IPP), which has provided nearly $2 billion in grants to strengthen critical infrastructure facilities and transportation systems. Funding was directly allocated in January as part of the IPP to Tier I Transit grants, the Buffer Zone Protection Program and the Trucking Security Program.