As ship owners globally face the eventual mandate to install ballast water management technology onboard their ships – a refit which is touted as the most expensive equipment refit ever – Maritime Reporter & Engineering News in its February 2013 edition examines emerging Ballast Water Technologies for consideration. In 2002 N.E.I. began development of a de-oxygenation ballast water treatment system – the Venturi Oxygen Stripping (VOS). In 2007, N.E.I. obtained the world’s first IMO Certification-Liberia.