Container Shipping Market Move from Bad to Worse
A record volume of capacity entered the container markets in 2015. But where have the ships been deployed, and which carriers have taken on the most?
The shipping consultants Drewry released their container shipping review for the first quarter 2016, and the outlook does not look positive.
The drop in newbuild containership orders could be continued as container shipping companies seem to be running out of profitable trades to deploy their big ships, in turn leading to a decrease in the economic imperative and the financial ability to order new vessel.
“Last year was full of records in the container shipping industry, but unfortunately for carriers they were mostly of the unwanted variety. One such record (made by bad by virtue of the second worst ever demand growth) was a record intake of new ships,” Drewry said.
Further expected container shipping liner losses throughout the first half of 2016, exacerbated by the awful prevailing spot and contract freight rates will lead to a major trigger point at some stage later this year. This will happen either through radical capacity management at the trade route level and/or a much more sensible and logical approach to commercial pricing.
Global rate levels are no longer sustainable and with the lines’ GRI mechanism soon to be defunct on European trades due to new EU regulations that are about to be implemented, carriers will need to find new tools.
Drewry estimates that global freight rates will deteriorate further this year while at the same time carriers will no longer be able to reduce costs at the same pace, given that the main advantages of lower fuel prices have already been realized.
At the moment, ocean carriers continue to cling to the vain belief that the lower slot costs of the 14,000 teu and 18,000 teu vessels will bring them success. However, Drewry’s contention after a recent study is that the hoped for economies of scale are much reduced after vessels of this size are deployed.
The three months grace just given to beleaguered HMM does nothing to dispel the myth that ocean carriers are made of bullet proof material. Asking shipowners to bail them out by drastically cutting charter rates is a sign of the times. Having focused on the cost side for so long, it is vital that carriers turn themselves to the revenue side of the equation if shippers are to have a sustainable container industry.
Some 66 void sailings in February in the major east-west trades did nothing to prop up freight rates. A global idle fleet that hit one million teu (5 percent) by March also seemed to do little to sentiment. Drewry even heard anecdotally that spot rate levels from Asia to the West Mediterranean reached as low as $5 per 40ft.
While global handling growth is forecast to reach an estimated 2.1 percent in 2016 and this is by no means back in 2009 negative territory, the industry could get very ugly by the second half of this year if current commercial trends continue. Drewry believes a trigger point will be reached when more radical action on the capacity front will have to take place.
Neil Dekker, Drewry’s director of container research, said, “This inflection point will only deliver any kind of market stability if carriers start to use their in-house rate profitability models and offer commercially sustainable freight rates. Ocean carriers should be looking at revenue per teu rather than industry load factors."
Dekker added, "In a world where overcapacity is a given on every trade, headhaul load factors of, for example, 85 percent need not be considered a disaster by any means. With 2.6 million teu of new capacity to be delivered by the end of 2017 this kind of load factor and potentially even lower is the new reality, so get used to it.”
